Reverse polarity occurs when you jump start your car or when you install new batteries. Polarity is a result of an “accident,” but the effects can be damaging.
Nowadays, much of the gear that can be bought in the marketplace may be damaged by polarity because of poor design techniques.
The Culprit: Poor Equipment Design
There is an area in design where manufacturers are often at fault. It’s an ongoing trend in their design. It seems like 12-volt and 24-volt electronic equipment are more prone to damages. It is a bit ironic because most equipment is designed with some form of reverse polarity protection. This is usually in a diode and fuse form.
This is the theory: if reverse polarity occurs, the designed diode will then conduct and short the power supply in order to ground and trigger the fuse to blow up. This protects your equipment. This should work well if the equipment has been designed properly.
Unfortunately, there is a disturbing amount of 12-volt and 24-volt electronic equipment with this design flaw. They make the copper traces on the printed circuit board extremely small. Unfortunately, this then pulls a lot of current through the diode in order to pop the fuse which then vaporizes the printed circuit board power trace. Once this happens, you will then need to replace the whole board or have it repaired. In either case, this will require expensive repair.
Can Battery Reverse Polarity?
Yes, it can, but it can happen only in two ways. First, if you are filling it up for the first time. If you use an old type of charger, you can short the terminals. You could be hooking up the charger backward and end up reverse charging your battery. You won’t see a spark because the battery actually gains voltage while you charge it. The short won’t be enough to create a spark
You can also reverse the polarity of a battery after you’ve activated it. This is rare, but it is possible. In order for this to happen, you will need to perform a sequence of errors that would eventually trigger the reverse polarity.
The only way to discharge the battery completely is by failing to notice a dead short that will eventually dissipate the battery charge. After some time, the battery will be discharged entirely. But in order to have a negative charge, you will need to hook it up backward and charge it again. So, the only way for a positive-charged battery to reverse itself is to discharge completely, and then reversed charged.
But Can a 12-volt Battery Reverse Its Polarity?
Yes, it can happen. If the battery cells are out of balance, some cells will discharge before the others. As it continues to discharge, they will start to reverse polarity. Now, if there is an external factor that keeps the current from flowing, like for instance, when the batteries are in a series, and then one goes bad, the battery will start reversing polarity on some or all of its cells. It doesn’t really get that bad in an installation if there are no external errors or mistakes that lead to the reverse charge.
To really keep your battery in tip top condition - you will need a industrial grade professional battery maintainer such as this one from NOCO.
8 comments
I run an electric fence using a 12volt battery that no longer has what it takes to start the car in winter. It is connected to a solar panel to keep it charged. The fencer works for a while then then stops due to reversed polarity. The solar panel shows correct polarity and if hook the fencer the other way around it works. For how long I don’t know.
Sense the battery was reversed polarity, I put the position on the negative and negative on the positive, the car started, so how do I drain the battery
I charged my battery back wards, how do I drain the charge, and recharge the battery
I had the identical polarity reversal take place in the 12volt battery of my Cessna 182 airplane. It never went dead or gave any indication that there was a problem. One day, prior to a routine flight, the aircraft master switch was turned on as part of the pre-flight inspection. It immediately began tripping circuit breakers, especially the 50 amp breaker that protects the alternator output circuit. I found that disconnecting the output cable from the alternator would get rid of the short circuit. I then installed a new, updated alternator system. (I have not yet connected power to the airplane). Another component that was damaged was a battery charger. I was attempting to connect a more modern charger that is equipped with a fault warning LED. I KNEW that it was correctly wired, polarity-wise, but when connected it would light the fault lamp. The only way it would work was if I connected the charging cables in reverse. I then checked the battery’s voltage using a digital VOM, which showed that the voltage was at negative 12 volts. I have been a master auto technician for over 50 years and I have NEVER seen this before. I’m still unable to assign a root cause to this occurrence.
Hi – trying to charge a golf buggy battery – GEL type that’s been dead for a while – showed -ve charge, following instructions – fully discharging then wiring up a good battery in parallel (+ve to +ve and -ve to -ve) then charging, the voltage on the GEL battery still shows negative and I see it slowly increasing – getting more negative! I’ve checked and re-checked connections and I don’t know what’s going on. I’ve had the charger connected to the GEL battery, only other thing to try is connecting it to the good battery.